Henry Clay, In Defense of the American System, 1832 Essay

Henry Clay, In Defense of the American System, 1832 - Essay Example rs neutralized enormous chances in 1824, as those contradicted to the American System anticipated its fate on a few checks like the devastation of the open income, certainty of the upgrade of direct assessments, decimation of the route, wretchedness of the business urban areas, sharp increment in the wares of open utilization and hit to the fare advertise with decrease in universal exchange. All the forecasts of the pundits went haywire, and the American Economy went through the period of financial blast. 2. With economy recapturing its unique wellbeing and success blasting all things considered, America was confronting the outcomes emerging out of that blast. The enemies of the American System, being desirous of that incredible jump in economy, were on the plan of disruption, and the tremendous measure of income delivered made its own issues as each part of American route had expanded. Certain important activities identifying with the advancement of satisfaction of the advantages were viewed as fundamental. One of the most noticeably terrible monetary markers of the economy was the gigantic open obligation of the nation. Time was ready to cancel the framework to which the enactments owed such a great amount to the open flourishing and the nation anticipated a time of recovery and combination of the economy. To dispose of the open obligation as the intrigue liabilities were overwhelming was the main goal. The framework needed to break liberated from this financial serfdom. Sentiment w as partitioned about the liquidation of the open obligation risk. Some contended that the open obligation was the optional concern and different undertakings and achievements expected to get need. The Henry Clay contended â€Å"But the individuals of the United States have not coupled the installment of their open obligation with the annihilation of the assurance of their industry, against remote laws and outside industry.† (Clay, 1832)The liquidation of the open obligation was viewed as significant. The other monetary markers were foundation of a

Rn vs Bsn

Care approaches and dynamic A thoroughly analyze of partner degree level sections baccalaureate-degree level in nursing: Heidi Kruger Grand Canyon University: NRS-430 (NRS-430V-O103) Professional Dynamics Feb, 2013 Abstract As an ever-changing medicinal services framework keeps on developing our training turns out to be further developed. The medicinal services framework requires an extended information base and preparing so as to convey protected, exhaustive consideration. As in-medical clinic persistent stays abbreviate and understanding consideration moves to a network setting, a more prominent number of specific attendants are needed.Expected to wear new caps, medical attendants must accomplish a more significant level of training on the off chance that we are to satisfactorily meet people's high expectations and fill the new moves of our calling. ADN versus BSN: What’s in the letters in order soup Established in the U. S. in 1909, baccalaureate programs gave exhaustive in struction to anybody whom wanted to turn into a medical attendant expert. For the most part this instruction pathway comprised of fives years of formal training, with three years giving a fixation on the nursing practice.Included in this readiness where seminars on general wellbeing and instruction. Afterward, the readiness was extended to incorporate courses, for example, proof based practice, clinical anticipation, improved patient results and other upper switch basic reasoning courses. In the mid 1950’s the U. S. experienced a nursing deficiency and the interest for medical caretakers got incredible. Created by Mildred Montag in 1952, the partner degree in nursing program (ADN) was created to fill this interest for attendants during the World War II and post World War II era.This program was just two years long and incorporated an equalization of general instruction and clinical nursing courses. Its motivation was to give â€Å"technical† nurture. These ADN arranged medical caretakers where to help and work under the management of an expert attendant. (Creasia, 2011) As the years advanced and the nursing lack settled, the ADN program stayed perceived and numerous forthcoming medical caretakers picked the multi year junior college program to its now multi year college partner as it as more financially savvy and allowed a similar permit upon fruitful finishing of the state board test. Effect on able patient consideration Multiple investigations demonstrate that BSN medical attendants are more ready to give social insurance. As BSN experience a more significant level of training, which incorporate increasingly basic reasoning and a more profound comprehension of subjects, for example, rick the board. This training is fundamental in settling on fast life and demise choices. Progressively finished, inpatient stays are getting shorter with more consideration being given in outpatient settings.Less time in an inpatient setting implies a diminished me asure of time with which to give viable, equipped mind and convey far reaching, retainable patient instruction (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2000) As more consideration is conveyed in a network setting I. e. patients homes, it diminishes the accessible help that a lower level ADN may require. For instance, there might be all the more PRN sedates. A medical caretaker would need to see how these medications work independently and how they interface with one another without the guide of drug store quickly on had.As â€Å"technical† attendants, they are prepared more to do. On the off chance that a patient gives indications of heart append or respiratory trouble, an ADN attendant may quickly give crisis medicine. Interestingly a BSN may inquire. Is it true that you are alright? What medicine have you taken? What are you feeling? What where you doing when this started? All while evaluating non-verbal prompts so as to decide the proper move to make. BSN arranged med ical caretakers are prepared to think rapidly before acting rapidly. In the event that quick basic reasoning and a more profound information on sickness forms are not consolidated, it might demonstrate deadly.Evidenced based Studies Multiple investigations show that a more significant level of instruction reflects in persistent consideration. Research at the University of Pennsylvania uncovered at one Magnet Hospital that careful patients had 14 percent lower chances in death and 12 percent lower chances of inability to resituate inside a multi day time span contrasted with there non-Magnet partners. An examination in 2007 uncovered that a 10 percent expansion in BSN arranged medical caretakers where related with 9 less passings for each 1,000 released patients (Rosseter, 2012). BSN plans medical attendants have an increasingly positive effect on understanding outcomes.Achieve a more extensive extent of training and are unrivaled guardians especially in crisis circumstances. By expl oiting a more significant level of readiness, it permits a medical attendant to practice to his/her maximum capacity. End Nurses keep on spearheading new fields. Taking on new tittles, for example, Case Manager, Infection Control, Risk Management and Legal Nurse Consultant, the job of Nursing is rapidly moving from one of patient consideration to that of network instructor and asset administrator. We are required to wear new caps on an every day basis.For this explanation, attendants must accomplish a more significant level of training than was acknowledged previously. It turns out to be always evident that an ADN (Associated Degree in Nursing) program isn't adequate to get ready medical caretakers for these new rolls. A significant number of these new rolls require a particular confirmation. A higher level of scholarly accomplishment is required on the off chance that we are to sufficiently stay aware of the difficulties of a regularly changing medicinal services framework and fulf ill the needs of an inexorably mechanically refined society. References Creasia, J. L and Friberg, E (2011).Conceptual Foundations: The extension to proficient nursing practice. St. Louis Missouri: Elsevier Mosby. Page 25-27. Recovered from http://pageburstls. elsevier. com/#/books/978-0-323-06869-7 American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2000, October 24). Recovered February 26, 2012 from http://www. aacn. nche. edu/distributions/position/bacc-degree-prep Robert J. Rosseter (2012, October 24). Making a More High Qualified Nursing Workforce. Recovered February 25, 2012 from http://www. aacn. nche. edu/media-relations/certainty sheets/nursing-workforce

Supplemental material

Supplemental material Im often asked about supplemental material. None of the below is required or even expected. In general, you should not send supplemental material unless the application did not sufficiently show who you are. I hope this is helpful and answers lots of questions Music. If you play music and would like to be a part of the music community at MIT, you may send in a CD recording of you performing (cassette tapes are also acceptable). CDs will be forwarded on to the music department for evaluation. Your musical talents are something unique that you bring to this process and your talents can be considered with your other talents in your application. Send this via US Mail to MIT Admissions; be sure your full name and date of birth are included. You do not need to be a music major for this to be considered, and students do not need to audition to take music classes or be a music major. Art. If you are an artist and would like to participate in the arts community at MIT, you may send in slides of your work. Files on CD/DVD, such as Powerpoint or JPEGs, are preferred, though real slides in plastic sheets are also fine. Slides will be evaluated by members of the MIT art community. Your artistic talents are something unique that you bring to this process and your talents can be considered with your other talents in your application. Send this via US Mail to MIT Admissions; be sure your full name and date of birth are included. You do not need to be an art or media major for this to be considered, and there is no portfolio review to take art classes or be a part of the art program. Athletics. If you are an athlete and would like to participate in one of MITs 41 varsity sports teams, please be directly in touch with the coach of your sport, and/or fill out this form. Your talents will be evaluated by MITs coaches. Your athletic talents are something unique that you bring to this process and your talents can be considered with your other talents in your application. You do not need to be recruited to join an MIT sport. Extra recommendations. If you feel an extra recommendation would show an important additional side of you not already covered, you may send in an additional letter of recommendation. This in general would not need to be on an MIT recommendation form from the application; a separate sheet of paper is most common. In general, third recommendations from a teachers do not provide much additional insight; the most helpful supplemental recommendations come from people who know you well outside the classroom. Some helpful extra recommendations Ive seen have come from research mentors, youth group leaders, coaches, and bosses. If you decide a third recommendation is necessary, have your recommender send this via US Mail to MIT Admissions, and be sure your full name and date of birth are included. Research papers. I think research papers are best talked about in the completely optional essay or in an extra recommendation from your research mentor. It is unlikely that if you submit a complete research paper that we will be able to have it properly evaluated during our process. Well be most interested in your research experience: how you got interested in the field, how you acquired your research opportunity, your results, what you learned, how this experience influences your future plans, etc. Resumes / brag sheets. We will use your application Part II as the resume of record. Sometimes, an addendum that explains your activities/accomplishments can be useful, particularly if it is an usual pursuit or it requires further explanation than what you can fit in the formal application. However, long lists of activities and awards are most often not useful. These extra sheets are most useful in providing depth, not breadth. Most applications I read do not include any of these extra materials; they are neither required nor expected. In some cases, one or two of these extras can help you in providing us with greater insight into who you are. Also, please note that we do not lower the bar for musicians, artists, or athletes; while these are talents that some students bring to the admissions process, all students must be independently qualified to be admitted to MIT. In other news, Seth Cohen (?) is lecturing today at MIT. No kidding.

Ley Ajuste Cubano tras fin de pies secos, pies mojados

Por decisià ³n de enero de 2017, el gobierno de Estados Unidos no aplica la polà ­tica conocida como pies secos pies mojados para cubanos ni la visa CMPP para personal sanitario de esa misma nacionalidad en misiones en el exterior. Sin embargo, sigue vigente la Ley de Ajuste Cubano. En este artà ­culo se explica quà © era pies secos, pies mojados, cuà ¡les son las opciones ahora para los cubanos para ingresar a Estados Unidos y cuà ¡les son los puntos bà ¡sicos de Ley de Ajuste Cubano. Puntos clave: Pies secos, pies mojados Tà ©rminos clave en polà ­tica migratoria de EE.UU. hacia cubanos:Pies secos: Cubanos que lograban pisar suelo de EE.UU. o llegar a una de sus fronteras. Podà ­an ingresar como paroled aunque no tuvieran visa.Pies mojados: Cubanos interceptados en el mar intentando llegar a EE.UU. Eran regresados a Cuba o enviados a un tercer paà ­s.Fin de pies secos, pies mojados: 12 de enero de 2017Ley de Ajuste cubano: En vigor. Permite a los cubanos que ingresan legalmente a EE.UU. solicitar la tarjeta de residencia permanente despuà ©s de presencia de 1 aà ±o y 1 dà ­a.  ¿Quà © era la polà ­tica de pies secos, pies mojados para cubanos? La polà ­tica migratoria de Estados Unidos conocida como pies secos, pies mojados  aplicaba exclusivamente a los cubanos y significaba que las personas de esa nacionalidad intentando emigrar a EE.UU. podà ­an quedarse si tocaban suelo estadounidense y, por lo tanto, eran pies secos. Por el contrario, si eran encontrados en el mar intentando alcanzar las costas de Estados Unidos se les consideraba pies mojados y no se les permità ­a quedarse en el paà ­s y se les regresaba a la Isla o se les enviaba a un tercer paà ­s. Con el tiempo y en la prà ¡ctica se desarrollà ³ una subcategorà ­a de pies secos, a los que se conocà ­a en inglà ©s como dusty foot, porque llegaban a la zona desà ©rtica de la frontera de Estados Unidos con Mà ©xico donde se presentaban ante un oficial fronterizo y pedà ­an el ingreso al paà ­s mediante un permiso provisional que se conocà ­a como parole y que les permità ­a estar en el paà ­s y trabajar mientras arreglaban los papeles. Tambià ©n podà ­an  calificar como pies secos los cubanos que llegaban por avià ³n a un aeropuerto de los Estados Unidos o alguno de sus territorios, como por ejemplo, Puerto Rico sin una visa và ¡lida y pedà ­an asilo nada mà ¡s llegar.   Es decir, pies secos se aplicaba a los cubanos que llegaban ilegalmente a los Estados Unidos, esto es sin visa u otro documento và ¡lido para ingresar.   En el aà ±o fiscal 2016, que finalizà ³ el 30 de septiembre de ese aà ±o, un total de 41.500 cubanos llegaron a territorio estadounidense sin documentos và ¡lido para ingresar, pero ingresaron por pies secos pies mojados. En octubre y noviembre de ese aà ±o el nà ºmero fue de 7.000.  ¿Cà ³mo era el procedimiento de pies secos, pies mojados? Los pies mojados, o wet foot en inglà ©s, eran  regresados a Cuba o, si temà ­an que podrà ­an sufrir represalias y cumplà ­an las condiciones para ser considerados como asilados o refugiados, eran trasladados a un tercer paà ­s, como Ecuador o Espaà ±a, entre otros. Sin embargo, los cubanos considerados contrabandistas de personas eran  regresados a Cuba donde cumplà ­an pena de cà ¡rcel, con o sin previa prisià ³n en los Estados Unidos. Por el contrario, los pies mojados podà ­an pedir  asilo y eran  entrevistados por al menos un oficial migratorio y ahà ­ se decidà ­a si se les permità ­a ingresar a Estados Unidos, ya que no siempre era posible como en el caso de tener ciertos antecedentes penales. Si los pies secos ingresaban  a Estados Unidos, lo hacà ­an como lo que se conoce tà ©cnicamente como paroled y no como admitted. Esta distincià ³n es importante desde el punto de vista de las leyes migratorias de Estados Unidos. A partir de ahà ­, los cubanos paroled podà ­an  solicitar una serie de beneficios sociales y/o econà ³micos. Ademà ¡s, podà ­an solicitar un permiso de trabajo, un nà ºmero del Seguro Social, sacar la licencia de manejar en el estado en el que se asienten, etc. Asimismo, al mismo tiempo se iniciaba un proceso de peticià ³n de asilo. Es decir, no se concedà ­a el asilo automà ¡ticamente, sino que simplemente, comenzaba la tramitacià ³n. Paralelamente sucedà ­a algo fundamental:  comenzaba a contar el tiempo para poder iniciar el proceso de solicitud de la green card, que es la tarjeta de residencia permanente, y que podrà ¡n hacer al cumplir el aà ±o y un dà ­a de haber ingresado, en aplicacià ³n de la Ley de Ajuste Cubano.   Como la fecha de un aà ±o y un dà ­a a contar desde el momento de ingreso a Estados Unidos llegaba antes de que se resolviera la peticià ³n de asilo, à ©sta se cancelaba y los pies secos mojados se convertà ­an en residentes permanentes legales con una tarjeta de green card.  ¿Cà ³mo pueden los cubanos ingresar a EE.UU. en la actualidad? Desde el 12 de enero de 2017 los cubanos deben tener una visa para ingresar a Estados Unidos. Si no la tienen y temen ser perseguidos pueden solicitar en un puerto fronterizo de los Estados Unidos el asilo, pero en las mismas condiciones que los migrantes de otros paà ­ses que tengan el mismo temor. Cabe destacar que para que se apruebe el asilo hay que temer una represalia o persecucià ³n por una de  5 razones especà ­ficas seà ±aladas en la ley.  ¿Quà © pasa con los cubanos que llegan a una frontera de los EE.UU. sin visa? Son regresados a Cuba, paà ­s que se ha comprometido ante Estados Unidos a readmitir a los no admitidos en Estados Unidos, siendo la excepcià ³n son los casos de asilo. Aquà ­ hay que ser muy prudentes a la hora de interpretar la ley, ya que el simple hecho de vivir en una dictadura o en un paà ­s comunista como es Cuba no es por sà ­ misma una razà ³n para que se apruebe una solicitud de asilo. Es necesario argumentar de un modo convincente la represià ³n a la persona que solicita el asilo y la razà ³n debe ser por una de las descritas en la ley de asilo. Ademà ¡s, en la actualidad los cubanos que logren ingresar ilegalmente son deportados, al igual que el resto de los extranjeros. Tambià ©n pueden ser deportados aquellos cubanos que cometen delitos y/o infracciones migratorias que por ley pueden dar lugar a la expulsià ³n del paà ­s. Las à ºltimas estadà ­sticas muestran que aproximadamente en la actualidad unos 36.000 cubanos cuentan con orden de deportacià ³n, si bien por falta de acuerdo entre EE.UU. y Cuba la Isla no acepta a los migrantes cubanos con à ³rdenes de expulsià ³n con fecha anterior al 12 de enero de 2017, salvo casos particulares.  ¿Quà © pasa con la Ley de Ajuste Cubano? Esta ley, que data del 2 de noviembre de 1966, sigue en vigor. Esto significa que los cubanos presentes legalmente en los Estados Unidos podrà ¡n solicitar un ajuste de estatus al aà ±o y 1 dà ­a de haber ingresado a los Estados Unidos y convertirse, as,à ­ en residentes permanentes. No se debe confundir esta Ley con la polà ­tica de pies secos, pies mojados, que data de la presidencia de Bill Clinton. Al quedar pies secos pies mojados sin efecto, los cubanos en situacià ³n ilegal no podrà ¡n ajustar su estatus por Ley de Ajuste Cubano ni tampoco podrà ¡n ingresar a los Estados Unidos los que no tienen la visa correspondiente y no pueden alegar de forma convincente ante un oficial migratorio que solicitan asilo por una causa prevista en la ley. Trump, Cuba y polà ­tica internacional y migratoria Cada vez que hay un cambio en las normas migratorias, lamentablemente tambià ©n hay personas sin escrà ºpulos que desean tomar ventaja de la desesperacià ³n de las personas y aseguran que tienen contactos o que pueden hacer cosas que realmente no son posibles. A pesar de que en junio de 2017 el presidente Donald Trump modificà ³ ciertos aspectos de la polà ­tica estadounidense hacia Cuba cambiando importantes aspectos de la polà ­tica de Obama, lo cierto es que en materia migratoria todo sigue igual en este punto y que aplica ni pies secos, pies mojados ni la visa CMPP. Es aconsejable tener mucho cuidado con todos los posibles fraudes. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

American Romantic Psychology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 386 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/26 Category Psychology Essay Type Assignment Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction During the course of our studies in college, we have to learn and use many materials in the psychology class. These materials provide us with knowledge and psychology skills that greatly help us to build our future foundations in the course. As an example of materials we use in the psychology class, this paper aims to give a summary of,American Romantic Psychology, a 1988 course material which is divided into five major sections: Voyages of the Minds Return; Ones Self I Sing; The Double Consciousness Revisited; Words Out of the Sea and; kora in Heaven.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "American Romantic Psychology" essay for you Create order To start with the first section of the work, writers here bring out the idea of integration of different paradigms; id, ego, and superego. The writer notes that as we progress through life, then each is separated with the emergence of new duties in our lives. As people, we require dual functioning of these three, with the whole idea being that we develop a deferential consciousness. Consequently, the second section of the work Ones Self I sing, is all concerned with individuation and introjection, the writer here presents a congruent and complementary dimension of this full development of consciousness (Bickman, 1988). Consequently, coming to the third section, about The Double Consciousness Revisited, it is a pure reflection of the reviews of the artistic activities that are an approach to achieving reconciliation as well as the process to joining the conscious to unconscious. However, it is noteworthy that double consciousness can easily be broken into conditions that are referred to as inflation, where the ego confounds its own powers and its aims with those of the entire psyche. The next section of the work,Words Out of the Sea, clearly analyses the view each one of us concerning the double consciousness, with the writer having noted he could not understand the whole mystery, although, he is conscious of himself as simply soul and as himself. The work then proceeds to the fifth section,Kora in heaven, which clearly discuss the relationship we have between our life and the entire work we have to attend to. It supports both Jungian and Romantic theory about the psyche being the middle term betwee n personal and cultural work in the peoples lives (Bickman, 1988). Reference Bickman, M. (1988). American Romantic Psychology: Emerson, Poe, Whitman, Dickinson, Melville. Spring Pubns.

Employee of the Month Free Essays

string(66) " day for the person that shows the most dedication and hard work\." Employee of the Month After watching â€Å"Employee of the Month,† it was clear to see that there were two main issues. These issues were motivation and ethics and they both came up throughout the entire movie. It was almost immediately shown that moviation was an issue at the Super Club (where they all work) with almost all of the employees, each seemingly being motivated in a different manor. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee of the Month or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since the main protagonist of the movie was Zack (played by Dane Cook), an in-depth look at how his motivation changes throughout the movie would be a great comparison to the real life problems of motivation that employers face. The best way to understand Zack’s styles of motivation would be to look at them through Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Maslow’s hierarchy states that people have five basic types of needs: physiological, security, affiliation, esteem, and self-actualization. Through the accomplishment of these, a person would be able to work their way up the hierarchy and eventually come to the point at which they are maximizing their personal achievement with self-actualization. When looking at how this applies to Zack, it is clear that he was not at the top of the hierarchy at the beginning of this movie, and it is only through many different events and realizations that he begins to achieve what he is personally capable of. As the movie starts, Zack seems to be somewhere between the stages of affiliation and esteem. It seems that he is finding the physiological, security, and most likely also the affiliation needs all achieved, but that is where it seems to stop. The physiological needs, which include basic survival needs such as food, water, air, and shelter, are all being provided as he has a home to go to and seems to be fairly well nourished throughout the film. The next stage, the security needs, also seem to be satisfied. Being able to live with his grandmother and not engaging in any kind of dangerous activities seems to prevent him from being in danger of any pain or life-threatening situations. This leads him to the affiliation stage, which seems to be the last stage of the hierarchy that he has satisfied at the beginning of the movie. Affiliation needs are those that involve being loved, and having friendship, both of which Zack seem to have. Again, living with his grandmother seems to fulfill the part of being loved, as they have a very good relationship. Along with that, his close group of friends at work seem to fulfill the part of having friendship, as he is seen constantly talking to them and hanging out with them. However, this seems to be the extent of what he has fulfilled at the start of this film. The next stage in the hierarchy is the esteem stage. Esteem focuses on respect, recognition from others, and feelings of self-worth. It seems apparent that other that his close friends, there aren’t many people that truly recognize Zack and probably even less that actually have respect for him. Therefore, though it seems that he is content with his position at the beginning, he is not actually happy about where he is at and doesn’t have the feelings of self-worth that come with achieving the esteem stage of the hierarchy. This, however, soon begins to change with the arrival of a new cashier, Amy. When she transfers to the store, Zack suddenly has a reason to achieve a higher stage, both with a challenge against the lead cashier (Vince) and also challenging himself that he can become the employee of the month. During this competition with Vince, Zack begins to focus more on being recognized by others for the work that he does, begins to be respected by both his peers and his supervisors, and finally starts to have a sense of self-worth because he is able to compete with the reigning 17 time employee of the month. This is probably the longest stage throughout the movie, leading to many changes in both his behavior and his relationships with his friends and his enemies. The final stage of Maslow’s hierarchy is the self-actualization. Though it is a long time coming for Zack in the film, he eventually reaches this stage by losing everything that he has. It is towards the climax of the movie that everything seemingly falls apart for the main protagonist, and it is only after he apparently loses all that he has been working for that he realizes that he shouldn’t be working just to impress others, but instead take pride in the work he does and do the best he can simply for himself. When he reaches this stage, he is able to focus on what he must do and eventually makes right everything that had previously gone wrong. He discovers the fact that trying to please everyone around him will only end up stretching him too thin, and the only way to truly achieve his own maximum personal achievement is to take pride in his work. Throughout the movie, it is possible to see the different stages of Maslow’s hierarchy and what kind of characteristics come with being in a certain stage. When only worrying about the lower levels of the hierarchy, it is easily possible to simply become complacent with your job and lack the motivation to achieve your personal best. It is only when you can become proud of your work and strive to achieve the very best that you personally can that the achievement of self-actualization is possible. Not only are employees motivated by their own needs, but they are also motivated by different techniques that employers use. In the movie, it appears that they are partially relying on the goal-setting theory. This theory assumes that the mere existence of a goal is motivating. One of the techniques the managers apply is a gold star sticker every day for the person that shows the most dedication and hard work. You read "Employee of the Month" in category "Papers" Then at the end of the month the stars are counted up and the one with the most is the employee of the month. In order for this theory to work, however, there are some principles that must be met: 1) Set clear and specific goals, 2) Assign difficult but achievable goals, 3) Increase employee acceptance of goals, 4) Provide incentives to achieve goals, and 5) Give feedback on goal attainment. The first principle is met in this instance. The employees are aware of what they need to do to attain a gold sticker, and that they need the most stickers to achieve the goal of employee of the month. The second principle is met as well. The goal is difficult in that you have to be better than everyone for most of the month, but there is always a winner every month so it is obviously achievable. The managers may need to work on the third principle, though. Not all the employees, like Zack in the beginning, accept the goal or think they are worth achieving. The managers could potentially involve employees in the goal-setting process to make them more accepting of the goals. There may not be any monetary incentives for the employee of the month, but there is a higher status associated with the title. This fact means that the fourth principle is being met. When someone is made employee of the month, they receive the intangible incentive of being recognized by their co-workers and managers as being worthy and a hard worker. There is also feedback given on achieving the goal of employee of the month. In the movie, there is a banquet and a car that was going to be in Vince’s honor for being employee of the month for 18 months in a row. One of the managers from corporate comes to the store to give recognition, also. Reinforcement theory is also apparent in the movie. The gold sticker method is an example of operant conditioning under this theory. Operant conditioning proposes that if a pleasurable consequence follows a behavior, the behavior will continue. When an employee displays good behavior or is an outstanding employee, they receive a gold star. This encourages employees to continue to get gold stars and continue their behavior so that they can eventually become employee of the month. Operant conditioning is also apparent in how they deal with bad behavior. The managers use extinction for this. Instead of punishing employees for unwanted behavior, they ignore it. Zack never was really punished for not being his best, he was just ignored. But Vince was the center of attention because of his good behavior. Although there were many factors involved, ignoring Zack did help stop his bad behaviors, like being late and slacking off. The most popular approach to designing work for increased motivation in the U. S. is the job characteristics model. The core characteristics are: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback. These are all things that increase an employee’s psychological motivation because they feel their job is meaningful. Not all people, however, like jobs with enriched job characteristics. Zack at the beginning of the movie is a prime example of this. He is only working for the extrinsic values, like a paycheck. He wasn’t concerned with doing extra or with getting anything extra out of his job. Another big issue that was prominent throughout the entire movie was ethics. There are many examples of common ethical situations that were broken and there was not much done to stop all the nonsense that went on during the workdays at Super Club. In our textbook it states that â€Å"Usually, procedures and policies in a company regarding social responsibility reflect the ethical values and decisions of the top management team. † Now the top management team in the movie seemed out place and not really caring what went on with the employees. They were more worried about other things going on in the store and outside the store. So while the managers worried about other activities going on most of the employees just goofed off most of the day and made work seem more like a hang out than actual work. Everything the employees did during the movie made it funny, but in all reality most of the employees would have been fired for what they have done. There were three main managers in the movie: Glen Gary (store manager), Dirk (Assistant Manager), and Glen Ross (CEO). Glen Gary and Dirk most of the time were walking around with a check board looking for good things that were happening and figuring out who they could give the gold star to that day. They were only aware of the good things going on in the store and were really missing out on what the employees really did at work. Glen Gary was more worried about impressing corporate and making his older brother Glen Ross happy and keeping him out of their store. Dirk was just there doing the same things as Glen Gary and was sucked into his management style. It seemed that their store was performing exceptionally well under the circumstances of the management style and the work ethic of some of the employees, but they probably could be doing a better job than what was really going on. Ethics was something never talked about in the movie, and one can clearly see that the managers were not concerned with the ethical dilemmas of the store. In our textbook it has a section in Chapter 4 named â€Å"Ethical Philosophy†. There are two traditional views discuss under this topic in the chapter. The first view is teleological ethical theories, which is the morality of an act or practice that comes from its consequences. There are several different examples throughout the movie that prove this theory correct. One example is in one of the opening scenes where a young boy wants a remote control truck, but his mom tells him no and that it is too expensive for them to buy. Zack overhears this conversation as he casually rolls by and cuts the box open and states that there is now a 40 percent discount on the box because it is open. Although it is not in the best interest of the store to sell it a low, discounted price, Zack is just being himself and trying to help the boy out in getting the new toy. The consequences of this act could be brutal for Zack or nothing could happen to him. If he gets caught on surveillance or another employee reports him, he could very easily be fired or put on some sort of probation for disobeying store policies. On the other hand if Zack does not get caught he will continue to do this for other customers and therefore lower the stores income. The people that Zack is giving the discounts to are going to think that he is very nice for doing that or may question the ethics of the store. So their response may either be a good or bad as well. They can either return to the store and expect to receive the same treatment with a good deal or someone will cut a package open for them again. The good outcomes would be like utilitarianism. Cutting a box open for a customer, to lower the price of the product, is crucial to Zack, because he wants to make customers happy. The bad outcome would be that the customer would not come back to the store because they were offended by the act that Zack committed. There are many different ways one can analyze the situation, but the consequences can be good for some and bad for others and vice versa. This is when the deontological theory comes into play. The theory focuses on actions that have a good or bad morality regardless of their outcomes. One should simply follow their companies ethic guidelines, even if that means that the customers you are working with aren’t happy. In the end, motivation and ethics played a big role in the film, â€Å"Employee of the Month. † Having motivation and having there be ethics in a workplace, is a big part in most companies today. Without these the company would most likely fail. How to cite Employee of the Month, Papers

The Twenties And Thirties Essay Example For Students

The Twenties And Thirties Essay The twenties and the thirties were very unusual time periodsin American History. Insome ways they are alike, but in most ways they arevery different. The twenties were a time offun and partying. This is probablythe reason it is called the Roaring Twenties. All of the thirtieswere knownas The Great Depression. It was probably called that because of the stockmarketcollapse and the millions of people without jobs. In the twenties,industry took a very big step. The automotive industry was the largestindustrythere was. The assembly line made mass production possible, and the industryboomed. Henry Fords assembly line, located in Detroit, Michigan, was thelargest one in the country andpossibly in the world. When Ford first startedmaking cars, the only car he made was a blackModel-T. Almost everybody inthe United States had a car. Three-out-of-four families ownedone or morecars. With the assembly line they made a lot more cars in one day than theydidbefore. Instead of paying for the cars with cash, people could now usecredit to purchase items. Since most families didnt have the money, theywould buy the car with credit and pay off thedebt later. We will write a custom essay on The Twenties And Thirties specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The thirties wasa bad time for the automotive industry. By now Ford had made aModel-A andhad three new colors: tan, purple and black. All of the companies were makingmorecars than they could sell. Nobody had enough money to buy a car because ofall of thebanks going under. Millions of people lost whole fortunes. Sinceno one had the money for a car,the cars were not being sold. This causeda big problem. The dealers were very optimistic. Theycontinued to make carshoping that sales would go up. The new credit law was a wonderful idea. It allowed people to purchase items like atelevision or radio. The inventionof the radio united the nation. The news that was heard on theradio washeard by everyone that had a radio. It was the best form of entertainmentof its time. Soon thereafter, the television was invented. Once again peopletook advantage of the credit andpurchased televisions. The television stilldid not take place of the radio. The radio was still usedfor listening tomusic. Many people were spending more money than they had. Even in the thirtiesthe radio and television were top forms of entertainment. Although,somepeople did not have these accessories, they could still go the movies if theyhad the money. In the thirties, everyone watched a lot of television andlistened to the radio. In contrast to thetwenties, the thirties were verydepressing. Evidentially, it lived up to its name. In the twenties, peoplehad parties all of the time. Everybody in America was keepingthemselvesbusy. Hunting and camping were very popular, but there were also many otheroutsideevents to do. Movies and horse races were the best forms of entertainmentfor some. This was all altered in the thirties. During the thirties, theparties and the outside events became less and less common. Horse races andmovies were still very popular in spite all of the depressing times. Baseballandfootball became drastically popular and attracted large crowds. BabeRuth was a great baseballstar. In this, it appears that the depressingthirties and the Roaring Twenties are very different. Though they have somesimilarities it is still hard to compare the Great Depression and theRoaringTwenties. These time periods are very important. We can learn from the mistakesmadethen to promise a healthy future.

How to Properly Research an Essay on Medical Assistant

How to Properly Research an Essay on Medical Assistant This is the last part of the guide and by now you’re on your way to writing a research essay on the profession of medical assistance. The first guide in the series was titled 19 facts on the profession of a medical assistant for a research essay, which we’re sure you found very interesting, and the second part of our guide 20 topics on the profession of a medical assistant for a research essay had a wide range of topics to choose from including a sample essay at the end. The final guide discusses how to go about doing your research while writing an essay on the profession of medical assistance. Understand What You’re Going to Write About This goes both ways: either a topic is chosen for you or you’re picking one for yourself. Either way, if the language in the topic doesn’t reflect the topic itself, then your essay loses out on a great deal of quality. Start Mind Mapping Once you’re clear about the topic in question then you’ll have to do mind-mapping on all the relevant keywords. In the event that you know nothing, simply begin with the name of the topic. Then start your research on the internet with the mind map you developed and look for evidences for your research and arguments.< Decide on Arguments and Sources Once the research is over you’re now in the driver’s seat and it’s time to build your arguments with credible sources. Check out journal databases and books in libraries since you need to quote academic sources in your essay. If you like something, highlight it or take notes. Begin Writing Once you’re done with the upper items start with the essay writing. The essay should have a thesis which comprises all your arguments. The entire essay will reflect these few lines. The first paragraph will have this statement along with what’s going to be presented in the following paragraphs. If you’re capable of summarizing all the arguments in one paragraph, then go right ahead, otherwise the thesis and an introduction to the next paragraph will do. Structure Your Paragraphs Then comes a string of paragraphs that will have evidence of your arguments. Dedicate each paragraph to each one of your arguments and provide relevant evidences as well as proof so that your readers are convinced. It’s not easy to bring something entirely new to the table and we recommend that you establish enough evidence so that the reader starts doubting popular or widely accepted beliefs. If you’re able to achieve that, your essay will be a success. The last paragraph will conclude it all. You need to tell the reader once again what your thesis was, what your arguments were, the evidences used to back up claims, and finally, what you’ve learned and would like to further research upon in the future. That’s about it. We wish you the best of luck nailing that essay.

Heartfelt Heart Quotes

Heartfelt Heart Quotes If you think with your head, a heart is just an organ that pumps blood. But if you think with your heart, you know that a heart is the core of human existence. A heart feels, emotes, and expresses. With a heart you can perceive, understand, and judge. Often, a heart is accorded more importance than the brain. Read these heartfelt heart quotes. Sir John VanbrughOnce a woman has given you her heart, you can never get rid of the rest of her.Michael NolanThere are many things in life that will catch your eye, but only a few will catch your heart. Pursue those.Robert ValettThe human heart feels things the eyes cannot see, and knows what the mind cannot understand.Blaise PascalThe heart has reasons that reason cannot know.Mary SchmichDont be reckless with other peoples hearts, dont put up with those who are reckless with yours.Timothy ChildersTo hide the key to your heart is to risk forgetting where you placed it.BuddhaYour work is to discover your world and then with all your heart give yourself to it.Franà §ois de la RochefoucauldThe heart is forever making the head its fool.Kahlil GibranBeauty is not in the face; Beauty is a light in the heart.ConfuciusWherever you go, go with all your heart.James Earl JonesOne of the hardest things in life is having words in your heart that you cant utter.Robert TizonI would rather have eye s that cannot see; ears that cannot hear; lips that cannot speak, than a heart that cannot loveLao TzuLove is of all passions the strongest, for it attacks simultaneously the head, the heart and the senses. Jacques Benigne BossuelThe heart has reasons that reason does not understand.Blaise PascalThe heart has reasons, which the reason cannot understand.Zig ZiglarAmong the things you can give and still keep are your word, a smile, and a grateful heart.Benjamin FranklinThe heart of a fool is in his mouth, but the mouth of a wise man is in his heart.Libbie FudimKnow in your heart that all things are possible. We couldnt conceive of a miracle if none had ever happened.Swami SivanandaPut you heart, mind, intellect and soul even into your smallest acts. This is the secret of success.William ShakespeareGo to your bosom; knock there, and ask your heart what it doth know†¦James LowellOne day with life and heart is more than time enough to find a world.Edward George Earle Bulwer-LyttonA good heart is better than all the heads in the world.

If stem cell research must rely only on derivation of tissue from a Term Paper - 1

If stem cell research must rely only on derivation of tissue from a vibrant fetus, is harvesting those cells in any way immoral, illegal or unethical - Term Paper Example It is impossible to reconcile these positions due to distinctly opposing views inherent in medical science versus varying views and interpretations of ethics and morality. A typical day-5 human embryo consists of 200-250 cells, most of which comprise the trophoblast, which is the outermost layer of the blastocyst. HESCs are harvested from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, which consists of 30-34 cells. The derivation of HESC cultures requires the removal of the trophoblast. This process of disaggregating the blastocysts cells eliminates its potential for further development. Opponents of HESC research argue that the research is morally impermissible because it involves the unjust killing of innocent human beings. (Siegel par. 2). Moral and ethical debates have raged since the idea of stem cell research first crossed scientists’ minds. One simplistic argument against opposition to the research centers upon abortion fetuses from which many of the cells are gathered. The moral rational is that in the event of an abortion at least some good for the whole of humanity can come of it. Reading into this position, one can make a case that the apologist him or herself is admitting abortion is unethical, highlighting the complexity of the argument. Besides, they might say, research cannot be done on adult stem cells because they don’t share the same aspects as those from an embryo. The good of the research outweighs the bad of the methods. The end justifies the means, since embryonic stem cell research can help find cures for, or prevent diseases including Cancer and Parkinson’s but also Alzheimer’s, Heart disease, Stroke, Diabetes, birth defects, spinal cord injuries, organ damage and trans plant rejection. Medical researchers insist embryonic stem cells are needed because they alone are able to reproduce any other

Depression in Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Depression in Women - Essay Example THE symptoms may not seem overly serious at first. Perhaps a person suffers from fatigue, stomach cramps or chest pains. He may find himself waking up at wee hours of the morning for no apparent reason; or the trouble may be difficulty in getting to sleep. Possibly a change in appetite has led to weight loss; or maybe the problem is overweight due to a sudden splurge of eating. Fatigue, physical pains and change in eating or sleeping habits can constitute what doctors call the somatic mask of depression.(McClelland, 2008, 64) What is depression Why does it afflict people Everyone feels 'down in the dumps' on certain occasions. This should not cause alarm, for off days of this type are not what doctors mean when they speak of depression. According to studies, humans when they are afflicted with depression usually loose their essence and realization for the real reasons of living. It could be observed that many among the depressed ones are subjected to situations of failure, feeling of helplessness and the lost of physical energy to face life and enjoy life at the same time. (Amunts, 2008, 15) Loosing these particular elements in life, some depressed individuals resort to suicide simply to end the agony that they are experiencing. A depressed person finds it difficult to perform even the most routine tasks, such as getting dressed, brushing teeth, preparing breakfast and making routine decisions. The third level, where no one can doubt that you're dealing with depression says Yomasue (2008) "is when somebody literally sits in a corner-almost paralyzed-looking into space." (13) Doctors often speak of depression as either acute or chronic. (Wang, 2007, 65) Acute depression sets in from some external cause, such as the death of a loved one, divorce or some other severe loss. Depending on the seriousness of the cause, acute depression may last weeks or even months; but then it disappears. On the other hand, in chronic cases the crippling effects of depression persist month after month. (Amunts, 2008, 54) Another type of sufferer is the manic-depressive. This person seesaws between a "manic" (from manikos, Greek for "mad") state and one of depression. During a manic state, the individual becomes overactive, impulsive, often disorderly in speech and thinking.(Croissant, 2008, 34) Then follows a "normal" period, after which he plunges into depression. Some remain in the manic state most of the time, with only brief low periods. Others are just the opposite, remaining depressed most of the time. And there are those who, for the most part, remain on an even keel except for brief ups and downs.(Liu, 2008, 54) In this study, an understanding of the major issues concerning gender differences on depression occurrences among individuals shall be discussed carefully so as to understand or at least clarify the issues on the claim that women are actually experiencing depression twice as much as men. Explaining the key reasons for this particular matter is the focus of this particular literature-based understanding. Some Common Causes of Depression How widespread is serious depression According to Dr. Nathan S. Kline of the New York State Department of Mental Hygiene, "it has been estimated that 15 per cent of the adult population of the United States has some degree of depression which is serious enough to be in need of treatment.(Yomasue,

Understanding The Current Trends In Product Placement Media Essay

Understanding The Current Trends In Product Placement Media Essay Product placement is a paid product message aimed at influencing movie (or television) audiences via the planned and unobtrusive entry of a branded product into a movie (or television program). (Balasubramanian 1994, 29; Immonen 1998, 14) These are the prominent definitions given for the concept of product placements by academicians in the past. The pertinent points that relate to product placements in these definitions are that a) its used in entertainment programs/productions b) its paid for by the brands involved. Entertainment mediums like television and radio have long been targeted by advertisers to pitch their products in the mindset of the consumers. Initially these took the form of Spots on these mediums between the programs. They were specialized productions in themselves whose whole purpose was to advertise these products. However with time this method started getting increasingly cluttered. First there was an inherent mental switching off by the viewers during the advertising. The viewers paid little or no attention during the breaks of the program. Morever with technological advent, viewers had the option to switch to another channel, both for television and radio, known as the phenomenon of zapping. Product placements presented a way out of this problem of zapping. The appearance of the products is incorporated as a part of the program itself. Therefore there is no chance of the viewer leaving it for something else. Also the audience is in a high state of involvement, so it is easier to for the brand to leave a mark on the mind space of the viewer. The viewer is also generally very involved with certain characters in a program. If the product is placed in conjuction with the character, it becomes a sort of endorsement by a loved character, which can be very desirable. An example is the placement of Mars chocolate in E.T, where the product got linked with the kids and E.T itself. Another example is James Bond being with a lot of products in the movies. The products acquire a different aura when they are associated with a strong character like James Bond. From the perspective of the producers of the movie/television program product placements are a source of income. In the present times, when the shelf life of the movies has decreased and the budgets have sky-rocketed it makes sense to indulge in this process to make some money even before the movie has even been filmed. The concept of product placement has become so popular that it has started being incorporated during the scripting stage of the movie or T.V program itself. There are specialized agencies which broker between production houses and the brands the following diagram illustrates how this works. Product placement and AIDA model The AIDA model of consumer behavior is as drawn above. Product placement can be used in all of these stages to pitch a product to the potential viewer. However in most of the cases, product placements are used in cases where awareness regarding the brand is to be generated or interest is to be generated regarding it. Awareness In a lot of instances, product placements have been timed to coincide with the launch of a new product. The goal is to integrate the product placement with the other activities related with creating awareness of the new product. With an established actor mentioning the product or better using the product, the launch creates a huge buzz. An example in the Indian context was product placement of Maruti Swift in the hit Bollywood movie Bunty and Babli, coninciding with the launch of the product. The characters of Abhishek Bacchan and Rani Mukherjee are shown to run from the police in a Maruti swift in the climax. Amitabh Bacchan specifically mentions the name of the brand in a subsequent scene. Thus the viewer gets to actually look at the product for the first time. Interest In this case, a brand which has already been launched for quite some time, benefits from product placement by having its working explained for the first time. This works very well for the technology products, where the features of the product get explained when the user is in a very high involved state of mind. However the example which I will quote is that of a services firm, Western Union money transfer service. In the movie Virudhh, the character of John Abraham is shown to transfer money using the service. The character explicitly mentions that with Western Union money transfer, the transfer gets done efficiently and instantly. Desire Product placements lend themselves very nicely in situations designed to provoke desire among the viewers. By nature movies and television characters have an aspirational air about them. Therefore when they use products on screen it creates a desire among the viewers to own the product. Examples are the high end automobiles used in the Bond franchise over the years. This works very well for products like apparel or accessories because of the perception of good looks attached with the stars on screen. Ray ban has extensively been placed in movies over the years. A notable example is Slyvester Stallone using Ray Bans in the Rocky franchise. Product placement and FCB model Affective Informative Thinking Feeling Self-satisfaction Habit forming High involvement Low involvement If we analyse product placements by the lens of the FCB model, examples can be given for each of the quadrants. Starting with the bottom most quadrant of self satisfaction, cigarettes were one of the earliest users of product placements, with the lead actor of the hit T.V show I dream of Lucy smoking a prominent brand on the show. These days, Coke is placed on the American Idol. Also in a lot of movies, the banners of Coke are placed in the background suggesting subliminal advertising. In the affective quadrant, these are products which evoke very strong feelings and are high involvement. Here automobile has been another sector which has bet heavily on product placements. Examples have already been given above. The products in the informative category are a little tough to push in a product placement scenario since it will require quite an amount of screen time. Also unless the product is highly engrained in the plot, the placement for a large screen time may actually become jarring. In spite of this, it has been tried quite successfully. The Western Union money transfer example has already been taken previously. Also Microsoft has plugged its software in the hit T.V series 24. However the limitation of screen time and plot involvement restricts itself in categories of products which are habit forming. There are no prominent examples of product placement which can be given in this category. Global vs Local In the Indian landscape product placements have mostly been done till now. However, now regional movies have started to tap this source of revenue as well. Examples include the recent Bengali film Antaheen where the hair oil Nihar was placed in a prominent manner. In the Telugu movie, Â  Anukokunda Oka Roju, actor Jagapati Babu is seen carrying a pack of Real juice most of the time. However the very nature of product placements means it can be done for mass produced entertainment productions, and therefore cannot be used at a more local, say a town level because the number of eye balls captured will be much too less. Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Product placement can offer many advantages over other forms of advertising media, especially cost efficient communication. Over the life of a film, including its theatrical run, premium cable appearances, other televised broadcasts and home video rental, cost-per-thousand exposures continues to decrease, eventually declining to mere pennies on the dollar. Product placement also narrows (and often obliterates) the gap between movies and the rest of our marketer-dominated culture. Films can be selected that target consumers who may be difficult to reach with more conventional advertising methods. Nearly three-fourths of the audience for theatrical films is 16-39 years old, a group highly prized by advertisers. Associating brands with particular actors, films or contexts allows the marketer to associate a brand with congruent lifestyle or usage situations. Films offer these brands the full sight, sound, and motion capabilities they do not have access to in radio and television. Finally , product placements are one means for overcoming the all-to-common problem of advertising avoidance via zipping, zapping and muting. Additionally during movies and television shows, viewers are in a very involved and perceptive state of mind, thus making it easier for a product to leave an impression. Disadvantages With the increase in use of product placement, analysts fear that consumers will develop ad-blindness, becoming so accustomed to ads that they stop noticing them. This may happen because when an ad is repeated too often, people adapt to their presence and start filtering them out of their vision. The movie E.T. and Reeses pieces were an example of successful product placement. The use of a recognizable candy added to the appeal of the story. However, poor use of product placement can compromise the integrity of the story. The latest James Bond movie Casino Royale, has been lambasted in the movie for being too much like one long commercial. Although at that time most of the release had used more product placement yet probably due to the way is was done, product placement id Casino Royale led to ad-resentment; the audience to felt like they were being cheated and the whole movie was an ad. Comparison of TV commercial and Product placement Parameter TV commercial Product placement Cost Very high (usually millions `) Low compared to TV commercial Viewers high Very high % viewers watching Very low, usually less than 10% at a time Very high, chances of missing the product are too less, usually 90-100% watching CPM High compared to product placement Duration of Advertisement Very less Extremely high, can be many years Investment to create the commercial yes no Number of Countries Usually One Can be in many countries Number of times shown Once Hundreds to thousands of time Conceptual Model for effectiveness measurement A three dimensional model is used for product placement and the best methodology to capture the user response on product placement is lab experimental A Three-Dimensional Construct Product placement can be categorized along three dimensions i.e. Visual, verbal and plot connection. Video dimension relates to screen placements which depend upon number of appearances on the screen, the style of camera shot for the product etc. The verbal refers to the brand being mentioned in a dialogue. Its variation depends upon the context in which brand is mentioned, frequency and emphasis placed on brand name (tone of the voice, place in the dialogue, character speaking at the time, etc.). Third dimension, plot connection refers to integration in the plot of story1. The relevance of product placement can be judged by the level of plot placement, a high plot placement is done by taking major roles in story or building persona of the character and a mere mention of the name is considered lower plot..Cases of higher plot placements are where a character is clearly identified with the brand, e.g. James Bond with his Aston Martin, then BMW Z3, or where the brand becomes a central part of the plot, as in the Pottery Barn episode of Friends or the Kenny Rogerss Roasted Chicken episode in Seinfeld. Most of the empirical studies on product placement tried to measure its effectiveness in term of how well it is remembered.These measures assumes that effects of memory are similar to effects of attitude but there are counterviews which dictates that there is no correlation between memory and attitude measure. Since recall may be a poor predictor of persuasion, research on the effectiveness of product placements should investigate both memory and attitude effects. This model focus by determining not only how a placement is cognitively processed and thus whether it will be recalled but also how it affects consumers attitudes The Theater Methodology Traditional approach of experimental testing the theoretical framework involved quasi-experimental e.g. finding existing TV shows with product placements which goes well with script, screen and plot dimensions. This procedure was complicated and also introduced noise, making it imprecise. These issues were removed and a new methodology was developed i.e. called theatre Methodology It uses a videotaped screen play as the setting for presentation of stimuli. The branded product are strategically placed inside some written original screenplay The main motivation for using a theatrical setting is to increase the level of experimental control while providing an environment similar to existing television shows. These days a huge chunk of brand placements happens through television shows or movies, so the experiment had to be conducted in audio and visual environment. Moreover, developing a new script and videotaping different versions of the plays allowed the production of multiple treatments. In addition, the use of a specially developed screenplay eliminated any contamination related to prior exposure. This methodology provided a unique environment for the empirical testing of product placement. By placing different brands within the same environment, it offered an opportunity to experimentally test messages that varied only on certain specified dimensions, thus maximizing the internal validity of the experiment. Suggestion for experimental design We have found that some of the previous studies have used experimental design so we are suggesting one of those. Experimental designs which can be used to test the effectiveness of product placement. The design would includes Modality We have studies earlier that key component of Tripartite Typology of Product Placement, has focused primarily on programming differences between visual and auditory information. Research on modality of presentation in audio-visual contexts suggests that the visual and auditory channels indeed differ in the amount of meaning that they carry. The visual channel serves to create the perspective in which the story is set and auditory channel, on the other hand, carries the script of a television program, and, as a result, serves as a conveyor of semantic information through speech. Modality signals how much meaning a stimulus carries, modality of presentation will thus be crucial in determining the effectiveness of a placement. Plot Connection Plot connection is third dimension of the product placement framework, which is discussed earlier. The level of plot connection will determine the role and importance of a placement in a story and will qualify the effects of modality. Now for experimental design, we can use within-subjects design i.e all the subjects saw all the brands. Each placement can be considered to consist of a different combination of modality and plot connection level which can be shown on a 2X2 matrix with each cell represented by one or more brands. We can ask different subjects about the product placement of similar brand sin different categories which will help us in identifying the effectiveness of the product placement Sample Revenue Model There are many different models followed by the parties to product placement and the model shown above is an example of one of these models. This advertising model is based on 30 second time slot for product placement. It is centred on the broadcasters, which includes TV networks, cable and satellite service providers. A broadcaster usually buys the airing rights for different TV shows and then airs the shows for consumers. To make a profit, the broadcaster sells placement spots to advertisers or ad agencies. The cost for the ad spot varies with the Tv channel and the kind of program. Some of the examples of cost of slot is from year 2005-2006, the cost of a 30-second ad spot in the top-10 shows ranged from $705,000 (American Idol) to $293,000 (Two and A Half Men). In this model, the broadcaster sells all the ad spots, and earns all of the advertising revenue. The only revenue source for the content creators, or the production studios, is the licensing fees broadcasters pay for the r ights to air their shows. Compatibility with other form of communication Maximum value can be created out of product placement if it is integrated wit other forms of communication. The key is to avoid using isolated product placement opportunities and create connections to other elements of advertising plan. Product placement can be combined with celebrity endorsement for instance to create much better communication e.g. Santro being used in a Shahrukh Khan movie will be much more noticeable than with other actors or Scooty pep+ being used in Priety Zinta movies. In addition, a product placement can be just the right thing to complement other advertising initiatives that attend the launch of new products. At other places the product placement itself can be used at other places or in other forms of communication e.g. Ray Ban glasses used in Men in Black were used in print media Examples Movies: Movies are the most common place of product placement. The appearance can be traced back to as early as 1920s but it became a commercialized business only after 1950. Of many new product placements in movies few are Aston Martin in Casino royale, iPhone in Gulliver, Everlast and Budweiser in Jackass. Television: Product is very common on television. It can be done on reality shows like big brother which often features one of the participants stating something along the lines of: Oh, did you check out the new product X by company Y yet? after which the camera zooms in onto the named product. It has been claimed that the participants get paid for it. Other example is placing Coca cola in American Idol Comic publishing: SA football comic uses product placement to promote many brands, and the comic is distributed free of cost to all its readers around the world. Product placement occurs at many places in the publication; on the shirts of the players, through placed billboards, and through the branding of locations or scenarios. Music and recording industries: This type of product placement is fairly newly and has not been used much even though the viewership is fairly high. A recent example is the song of movie Dabangg, where Mallaika Arora mentions Zandu Baam.

Discuss the Narrative Method of Kurt

Discuss the Narrative method of Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse Five Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse Five is a that in no way can be treated as one-dimensional one. It deals with the historical events like the bombing of Dresden, socio-cultural reality of America in the 1960s and the alternative world of Tralfamadorians. Although three different realms are combined, the novel does not present anything that could be perceived as unseen. Its exceptionality comes from a less explored perspective – the novel’s unique narrative structure.It seems obvious that the text could not have been interpreted with the use of traditional interpretational tools therefore Vonnegut introduced a new method of narration. The main focus of the analysis are several devices Vonnegut uses to create his narration. First of all the story has in fact two narrators not one. In this way the reader sees more clearly that he narration technique is in a way turned upside down. The narrator not nec essarily loses his traditional role and still influences the way readers perceive the plot but a slight difference can be noticed.What is more, contrary to the potential assumptions of the reader, Slaughterhouse-Five not entirely breaks out with the convention of an anti-war book. The second issue that needs to be looked upon are the stylistic devices use by the author. Those are: the collage technique, the foreshadowing of some of the events and multitude of repetitions. These tools can be traced in every chapter of the novel. Moreover both of them connect different levels in the plot. The third aspect of the novel is Vonnegut’s attempt to explore the subconscious of the protagonist with the use of Tralfamadorian reality.It might be argued whether the author’s intention was to make the reader believe in alternative world or to present the main character as schizophrenic. By the matter of fact such question is legitimate as the topic of schizophrenia can be easily asso ciated with Billy Pilgrim’s travels in time and space. From the first sentence in the novel the reader becomes aware that it is impossible to state whether the story is true or fictitious. â€Å"All this happened, more or less. † (p. 5) Throughout those words the reader is confronted with is the question of truth.In this way Vonnegut gives the reader a thrill and achieves the effect of reality. On the one hand the reader feels that the story is a fiction on the other however some parts of the story seem to be far too realistic to be artificial. Moreover Vonnegut calls his novel â€Å"a failure. † (p. 14) With this expression he again brings it into question the truthfulness of the reported facts. The question whether the novel tells a real story or is only a successful mystification is left to the reader to answer by himself. The story begins in chapter II.The author introduces the protagonist named Billy Pilgrim who describes his time travels. As the story unfo lds the reader gets more details about the alternative world of the Tralfamadorians. The idea of time traveling as well as the utopian life on another planet is, by the matter of fact, just a renewed and transferred to the modern versions of topics introduced to literature centuries earlier by Thomas More or Jonathan Swift. There is however one aspect, which is worth a particular amount of attention – the way the story is presented.Taking into consideration the fact that it is Billy who describes what happened it is odd that every expression, Billy utters, is commented on with the words â€Å"he says†. (p. 20) At first sight this may not seem important but it points to the question of truth. Does Billy travel to remote areas, or does he only say so? Vonnegut asks this question every time he repeats those words. Another device used by the narrator is the foreshadowing of important events. As an example one may look at the following expression: â€Å"Billy sat down in t he waiting room. He wasn't a widower yet. † (p. 4) By foreshadowing some of the important events in the story the author breaks with the concept of time. He deliberately upsets the chronology in the novel. It is visible especially when Vonnegut places the first and the last sentences of the novel next to each other. That procedure forces the reader more focused while reading the novel, more careful in search of full understanding. What is more not only the concept of chronology but also tension is rejected in the novel. Vonnegut avoids tension by anticipating some of the events which are connected with a given character, for example: â€Å"His name was Howard W.Campbell, Jr. He would later hang himself while awaiting trial as a war criminal. † (p. 63); Next technique used by Vonnegut repetition of some phrases. The repetitions appear throughout the novel in different contexts. â€Å"I drive my wife away with a breath like mustard gas and roses. † (p. 6) This quot ation occurs in the first chapter which describes the genesis of his novel. It is used again in chapter four, when Billy imagines that he can smell somebody’s breath and once again in the war episode when the protagonist describes the bodies: â€Å"rotted and liquefied† and the smell was â€Å"like roses and mustard gas. (p. 105) The smell is a kind of a sign which links the past with the present. The repetitions also join several episodes of the novel in order to make it less chaotic and incoherent and introduce a kind of structure. That in turn makes the novel more coherent and easier to follow. Apart from stylistic devices which Vonnegut, with all his mastery, uses to create the unique atmosphere Slaughterhouse Five turns out to be also a in-depth study of human psyche. The psychological aspect of the book is, however, deftly disguised with the use of alien society of the Tralfamadorians.The symbolic meaning of this alternative reality is in fact more than a symbol , as it becomes true to some extent at some of the points of the novel. What is more Billy’s stay also make the reader raises more questions than it would be possible to provide answers to. Who or what are Tralfamadorians? Are they a symbol of an ideal society that is a far cry from the one known and used on Earth? A morality which just like many which preceded it should show us the way?Or maybe the planet exists only in Billy's imagination and is nothing more than a plaint of a mind tormented by regret, a world existing in Billy's reality only? It is difficult to state whether Vonnegut wants to impose the expression that Billy is schizophrenic or whether he tries to convince the reader that the Tralfamadorians really exist. It is essential to notice that Vonnegut does use the word schizophrenia from the very beginning of the novel. â€Å"This is a novel somewhat in the telegraphic schizophrenic manner of tales of the planet Tralfamadore, where the flying saucers come from. † (p. ) Ambiguous as it is this statement still points out to the fact that the author’s intention was to mislead the reader a make him believe that schizophrenia might be the key issue, an element that should not be omitted. What is schizophrenia? According to R. D. Laing schizophrenia can be described as: â€Å"a special strategy that a person invents in order to live an unlivable situation. † This definition contrary to the strictly medical, that is traditional view seems to focus less on the fact that schizophrenia is a serious mental illness and more on the opportunities a split personality provides.According to this definition the fact that one’s personality can be torn apart because of the negative environment is a understandable defensive reaction. Might it be then a coincidence that the Tralfamadorians themselves might be treated as schizophrenic as they all the time neglect any negative implications in life and exclusively focus on the positive m oments. Taking into consideration all the troubles Billy experiences during his lifetime, it seems obvious that Slaughterhouse Five tells a story of a man who can perceive his life as a failure.The protagonist has a negative childhood, marries a woman whom he pities but not love, so he is relieved when he loses her. He experiences much during the war, almost dies in a plane-crash and his children are hard to raise and difficult to love. For those reasons Billy’s life might be described as unlivable. Can one find a better reason to break the identity in half and try to find shelter in the depths of one’s mind? It seems to be a logical consequence for the protagonist. Mental illness perceived as a kind of barrier is also referred to several times in the novel.As an example Rosewater, one of the characters in the novel utters an assumption that life is too heavy a burden to be bearable for some eg. â€Å"Another time Billy heard Rosewater say to the psychiatrist, ‘ I think you guys are going to have to come up with a lot of wonderful new lies, or people just aren't going to want to go on living. ‘† (p. 50) Also one of the descriptions given refers to one of the characteristic feature of schizophrenia – hallucinations – by stating: â€Å" Billy Pilgrim was having a delightful hallucination. He was wearing dry, warm, white sweatsocks, and he was skating on a ballroom floor.Thousands cheered. This wasn't time-travel. It had never happened, never would happen. It was the craziness of a dying young man with his shoes full of snow. † (p. 26) Again the author uses those expressions not without a reason. With a few sentences he reveals the delicate inside of his character, makes him more approachable as if he felt obliged to provide an explanation to his visions of a better life on another planet. Vonnegut makes even a step further by deriving Billy’s illness from the physical consequences of the plane-crash.Apa rt from the fact that Billy was the only person which managed to survive still he suffered from severe brain damages. This might have created the perfect mental environment for creating Tralfamadorians. Another device the author uses in narrating is placing information about novels written by Billy’s favorite author Kilgore Trout. The plot of those novels also influenced Billy’s â€Å"time travels† as one of them, entitled The Big Board (p. 105) tells the story of a couple which have being abducted by aliens and shown in a zoo.It is than possible that Billy might have taken this story as a real one and projected the idea on himself. Vonnegut confirms this belief in chapter nine writing: â€Å"So they were trying to reinvent themselves and their universe. Science fiction was a big help. † (p. 50) Nevertheless the mental state of the main character is in no way clear for some parts of the chapter are narrated as if the protagonist experienced the travel: â €Å"Billy was unconscious for two days after that, and he dreamed of millions of things, some of them true. The true things were time-travel. † (p. 7) It seems obvious that the author deliberately makes the reader confused. This assumption can be proved as the narrator makes a clear distinction between time-travel and plain fantasy. However one can also say that â€Å"Vonnegut seems to supply internal evidence for a psychological explanation of Tralfamadore while at the same time denying that evidence with a contradictory narrative statement. † (Harris 235) It can only imply that reading Slaughterhouse-Five, one can suspect that Vonnegut’s intention is far from being interested in accuracy as far as the subdivision between reality and fiction is concerned.Only by such narration technique Vonnegut was able to allow the protagonist to solve the conflicts which thorn him apart, even if the only way to do it was to split his identity by introducing schizophrenia. Sl aughterhouse-Five is obviously one of the novels that could not be forgotten for it differs to a large extent from other works from this genre. The author, on purpose, neglects all values and norms. What is more no principles of logic can be applied to the plot. Therefore just like the novel is narrated in a completely new way, it needs also to be read differently in order to fully understand it’s unique utterance.BIBLIOGRAPHY: (1)Kurt Vonnegut. Slaughterhouse-Five. Great Britain, Jonathan Cape Ltd 1970 available in PDF version on: http://chomikuj. pl/Angouleme/e-booki/Kurt+Vonnegut+-+Slaughterhouse-Five,58449367. pdf (2)A quote by R. D. Laing found on: http://www. quoteland. com/topic/Madness-Quotes/538/ (3)Charles B. Harris, â€Å"Time, Uncertainty, and Kurt Vonnegut Jr. : A Reading of Slaughterhouse Five,'† Farmington Hills: Gale Group. October, 2001 Can be viewed at: http://infotrac. galegroup. com/galenet? cause=http%3A%2F%2Fgalenet. galegroup. com%2Fservlet%2FDC% 2F%3FfinalAuth%3Dtrue&cont=&sev=temp&type=session&sserv=no

The Impact Of Management On The Globalization Of Business

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