Ley Ajuste Cubano tras fin de pies secos, pies mojados

Por decisià ³n de enero de 2017, el gobierno de Estados Unidos no aplica la polà ­tica conocida como pies secos pies mojados para cubanos ni la visa CMPP para personal sanitario de esa misma nacionalidad en misiones en el exterior. Sin embargo, sigue vigente la Ley de Ajuste Cubano. En este artà ­culo se explica quà © era pies secos, pies mojados, cuà ¡les son las opciones ahora para los cubanos para ingresar a Estados Unidos y cuà ¡les son los puntos bà ¡sicos de Ley de Ajuste Cubano. Puntos clave: Pies secos, pies mojados Tà ©rminos clave en polà ­tica migratoria de EE.UU. hacia cubanos:Pies secos: Cubanos que lograban pisar suelo de EE.UU. o llegar a una de sus fronteras. Podà ­an ingresar como paroled aunque no tuvieran visa.Pies mojados: Cubanos interceptados en el mar intentando llegar a EE.UU. Eran regresados a Cuba o enviados a un tercer paà ­s.Fin de pies secos, pies mojados: 12 de enero de 2017Ley de Ajuste cubano: En vigor. Permite a los cubanos que ingresan legalmente a EE.UU. solicitar la tarjeta de residencia permanente despuà ©s de presencia de 1 aà ±o y 1 dà ­a.  ¿Quà © era la polà ­tica de pies secos, pies mojados para cubanos? La polà ­tica migratoria de Estados Unidos conocida como pies secos, pies mojados  aplicaba exclusivamente a los cubanos y significaba que las personas de esa nacionalidad intentando emigrar a EE.UU. podà ­an quedarse si tocaban suelo estadounidense y, por lo tanto, eran pies secos. Por el contrario, si eran encontrados en el mar intentando alcanzar las costas de Estados Unidos se les consideraba pies mojados y no se les permità ­a quedarse en el paà ­s y se les regresaba a la Isla o se les enviaba a un tercer paà ­s. Con el tiempo y en la prà ¡ctica se desarrollà ³ una subcategorà ­a de pies secos, a los que se conocà ­a en inglà ©s como dusty foot, porque llegaban a la zona desà ©rtica de la frontera de Estados Unidos con Mà ©xico donde se presentaban ante un oficial fronterizo y pedà ­an el ingreso al paà ­s mediante un permiso provisional que se conocà ­a como parole y que les permità ­a estar en el paà ­s y trabajar mientras arreglaban los papeles. Tambià ©n podà ­an  calificar como pies secos los cubanos que llegaban por avià ³n a un aeropuerto de los Estados Unidos o alguno de sus territorios, como por ejemplo, Puerto Rico sin una visa và ¡lida y pedà ­an asilo nada mà ¡s llegar.   Es decir, pies secos se aplicaba a los cubanos que llegaban ilegalmente a los Estados Unidos, esto es sin visa u otro documento và ¡lido para ingresar.   En el aà ±o fiscal 2016, que finalizà ³ el 30 de septiembre de ese aà ±o, un total de 41.500 cubanos llegaron a territorio estadounidense sin documentos và ¡lido para ingresar, pero ingresaron por pies secos pies mojados. En octubre y noviembre de ese aà ±o el nà ºmero fue de 7.000.  ¿Cà ³mo era el procedimiento de pies secos, pies mojados? Los pies mojados, o wet foot en inglà ©s, eran  regresados a Cuba o, si temà ­an que podrà ­an sufrir represalias y cumplà ­an las condiciones para ser considerados como asilados o refugiados, eran trasladados a un tercer paà ­s, como Ecuador o Espaà ±a, entre otros. Sin embargo, los cubanos considerados contrabandistas de personas eran  regresados a Cuba donde cumplà ­an pena de cà ¡rcel, con o sin previa prisià ³n en los Estados Unidos. Por el contrario, los pies mojados podà ­an pedir  asilo y eran  entrevistados por al menos un oficial migratorio y ahà ­ se decidà ­a si se les permità ­a ingresar a Estados Unidos, ya que no siempre era posible como en el caso de tener ciertos antecedentes penales. Si los pies secos ingresaban  a Estados Unidos, lo hacà ­an como lo que se conoce tà ©cnicamente como paroled y no como admitted. Esta distincià ³n es importante desde el punto de vista de las leyes migratorias de Estados Unidos. A partir de ahà ­, los cubanos paroled podà ­an  solicitar una serie de beneficios sociales y/o econà ³micos. Ademà ¡s, podà ­an solicitar un permiso de trabajo, un nà ºmero del Seguro Social, sacar la licencia de manejar en el estado en el que se asienten, etc. Asimismo, al mismo tiempo se iniciaba un proceso de peticià ³n de asilo. Es decir, no se concedà ­a el asilo automà ¡ticamente, sino que simplemente, comenzaba la tramitacià ³n. Paralelamente sucedà ­a algo fundamental:  comenzaba a contar el tiempo para poder iniciar el proceso de solicitud de la green card, que es la tarjeta de residencia permanente, y que podrà ¡n hacer al cumplir el aà ±o y un dà ­a de haber ingresado, en aplicacià ³n de la Ley de Ajuste Cubano.   Como la fecha de un aà ±o y un dà ­a a contar desde el momento de ingreso a Estados Unidos llegaba antes de que se resolviera la peticià ³n de asilo, à ©sta se cancelaba y los pies secos mojados se convertà ­an en residentes permanentes legales con una tarjeta de green card.  ¿Cà ³mo pueden los cubanos ingresar a EE.UU. en la actualidad? Desde el 12 de enero de 2017 los cubanos deben tener una visa para ingresar a Estados Unidos. Si no la tienen y temen ser perseguidos pueden solicitar en un puerto fronterizo de los Estados Unidos el asilo, pero en las mismas condiciones que los migrantes de otros paà ­ses que tengan el mismo temor. Cabe destacar que para que se apruebe el asilo hay que temer una represalia o persecucià ³n por una de  5 razones especà ­ficas seà ±aladas en la ley.  ¿Quà © pasa con los cubanos que llegan a una frontera de los EE.UU. sin visa? Son regresados a Cuba, paà ­s que se ha comprometido ante Estados Unidos a readmitir a los no admitidos en Estados Unidos, siendo la excepcià ³n son los casos de asilo. Aquà ­ hay que ser muy prudentes a la hora de interpretar la ley, ya que el simple hecho de vivir en una dictadura o en un paà ­s comunista como es Cuba no es por sà ­ misma una razà ³n para que se apruebe una solicitud de asilo. Es necesario argumentar de un modo convincente la represià ³n a la persona que solicita el asilo y la razà ³n debe ser por una de las descritas en la ley de asilo. Ademà ¡s, en la actualidad los cubanos que logren ingresar ilegalmente son deportados, al igual que el resto de los extranjeros. Tambià ©n pueden ser deportados aquellos cubanos que cometen delitos y/o infracciones migratorias que por ley pueden dar lugar a la expulsià ³n del paà ­s. Las à ºltimas estadà ­sticas muestran que aproximadamente en la actualidad unos 36.000 cubanos cuentan con orden de deportacià ³n, si bien por falta de acuerdo entre EE.UU. y Cuba la Isla no acepta a los migrantes cubanos con à ³rdenes de expulsià ³n con fecha anterior al 12 de enero de 2017, salvo casos particulares.  ¿Quà © pasa con la Ley de Ajuste Cubano? Esta ley, que data del 2 de noviembre de 1966, sigue en vigor. Esto significa que los cubanos presentes legalmente en los Estados Unidos podrà ¡n solicitar un ajuste de estatus al aà ±o y 1 dà ­a de haber ingresado a los Estados Unidos y convertirse, as,à ­ en residentes permanentes. No se debe confundir esta Ley con la polà ­tica de pies secos, pies mojados, que data de la presidencia de Bill Clinton. Al quedar pies secos pies mojados sin efecto, los cubanos en situacià ³n ilegal no podrà ¡n ajustar su estatus por Ley de Ajuste Cubano ni tampoco podrà ¡n ingresar a los Estados Unidos los que no tienen la visa correspondiente y no pueden alegar de forma convincente ante un oficial migratorio que solicitan asilo por una causa prevista en la ley. Trump, Cuba y polà ­tica internacional y migratoria Cada vez que hay un cambio en las normas migratorias, lamentablemente tambià ©n hay personas sin escrà ºpulos que desean tomar ventaja de la desesperacià ³n de las personas y aseguran que tienen contactos o que pueden hacer cosas que realmente no son posibles. A pesar de que en junio de 2017 el presidente Donald Trump modificà ³ ciertos aspectos de la polà ­tica estadounidense hacia Cuba cambiando importantes aspectos de la polà ­tica de Obama, lo cierto es que en materia migratoria todo sigue igual en este punto y que aplica ni pies secos, pies mojados ni la visa CMPP. Es aconsejable tener mucho cuidado con todos los posibles fraudes. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

American Romantic Psychology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 386 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/26 Category Psychology Essay Type Assignment Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction During the course of our studies in college, we have to learn and use many materials in the psychology class. These materials provide us with knowledge and psychology skills that greatly help us to build our future foundations in the course. As an example of materials we use in the psychology class, this paper aims to give a summary of,American Romantic Psychology, a 1988 course material which is divided into five major sections: Voyages of the Minds Return; Ones Self I Sing; The Double Consciousness Revisited; Words Out of the Sea and; kora in Heaven.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "American Romantic Psychology" essay for you Create order To start with the first section of the work, writers here bring out the idea of integration of different paradigms; id, ego, and superego. The writer notes that as we progress through life, then each is separated with the emergence of new duties in our lives. As people, we require dual functioning of these three, with the whole idea being that we develop a deferential consciousness. Consequently, the second section of the work Ones Self I sing, is all concerned with individuation and introjection, the writer here presents a congruent and complementary dimension of this full development of consciousness (Bickman, 1988). Consequently, coming to the third section, about The Double Consciousness Revisited, it is a pure reflection of the reviews of the artistic activities that are an approach to achieving reconciliation as well as the process to joining the conscious to unconscious. However, it is noteworthy that double consciousness can easily be broken into conditions that are referred to as inflation, where the ego confounds its own powers and its aims with those of the entire psyche. The next section of the work,Words Out of the Sea, clearly analyses the view each one of us concerning the double consciousness, with the writer having noted he could not understand the whole mystery, although, he is conscious of himself as simply soul and as himself. The work then proceeds to the fifth section,Kora in heaven, which clearly discuss the relationship we have between our life and the entire work we have to attend to. It supports both Jungian and Romantic theory about the psyche being the middle term betwee n personal and cultural work in the peoples lives (Bickman, 1988). Reference Bickman, M. (1988). American Romantic Psychology: Emerson, Poe, Whitman, Dickinson, Melville. Spring Pubns.

Employee of the Month Free Essays

string(66) " day for the person that shows the most dedication and hard work\." Employee of the Month After watching â€Å"Employee of the Month,† it was clear to see that there were two main issues. These issues were motivation and ethics and they both came up throughout the entire movie. It was almost immediately shown that moviation was an issue at the Super Club (where they all work) with almost all of the employees, each seemingly being motivated in a different manor. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee of the Month or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since the main protagonist of the movie was Zack (played by Dane Cook), an in-depth look at how his motivation changes throughout the movie would be a great comparison to the real life problems of motivation that employers face. The best way to understand Zack’s styles of motivation would be to look at them through Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Maslow’s hierarchy states that people have five basic types of needs: physiological, security, affiliation, esteem, and self-actualization. Through the accomplishment of these, a person would be able to work their way up the hierarchy and eventually come to the point at which they are maximizing their personal achievement with self-actualization. When looking at how this applies to Zack, it is clear that he was not at the top of the hierarchy at the beginning of this movie, and it is only through many different events and realizations that he begins to achieve what he is personally capable of. As the movie starts, Zack seems to be somewhere between the stages of affiliation and esteem. It seems that he is finding the physiological, security, and most likely also the affiliation needs all achieved, but that is where it seems to stop. The physiological needs, which include basic survival needs such as food, water, air, and shelter, are all being provided as he has a home to go to and seems to be fairly well nourished throughout the film. The next stage, the security needs, also seem to be satisfied. Being able to live with his grandmother and not engaging in any kind of dangerous activities seems to prevent him from being in danger of any pain or life-threatening situations. This leads him to the affiliation stage, which seems to be the last stage of the hierarchy that he has satisfied at the beginning of the movie. Affiliation needs are those that involve being loved, and having friendship, both of which Zack seem to have. Again, living with his grandmother seems to fulfill the part of being loved, as they have a very good relationship. Along with that, his close group of friends at work seem to fulfill the part of having friendship, as he is seen constantly talking to them and hanging out with them. However, this seems to be the extent of what he has fulfilled at the start of this film. The next stage in the hierarchy is the esteem stage. Esteem focuses on respect, recognition from others, and feelings of self-worth. It seems apparent that other that his close friends, there aren’t many people that truly recognize Zack and probably even less that actually have respect for him. Therefore, though it seems that he is content with his position at the beginning, he is not actually happy about where he is at and doesn’t have the feelings of self-worth that come with achieving the esteem stage of the hierarchy. This, however, soon begins to change with the arrival of a new cashier, Amy. When she transfers to the store, Zack suddenly has a reason to achieve a higher stage, both with a challenge against the lead cashier (Vince) and also challenging himself that he can become the employee of the month. During this competition with Vince, Zack begins to focus more on being recognized by others for the work that he does, begins to be respected by both his peers and his supervisors, and finally starts to have a sense of self-worth because he is able to compete with the reigning 17 time employee of the month. This is probably the longest stage throughout the movie, leading to many changes in both his behavior and his relationships with his friends and his enemies. The final stage of Maslow’s hierarchy is the self-actualization. Though it is a long time coming for Zack in the film, he eventually reaches this stage by losing everything that he has. It is towards the climax of the movie that everything seemingly falls apart for the main protagonist, and it is only after he apparently loses all that he has been working for that he realizes that he shouldn’t be working just to impress others, but instead take pride in the work he does and do the best he can simply for himself. When he reaches this stage, he is able to focus on what he must do and eventually makes right everything that had previously gone wrong. He discovers the fact that trying to please everyone around him will only end up stretching him too thin, and the only way to truly achieve his own maximum personal achievement is to take pride in his work. Throughout the movie, it is possible to see the different stages of Maslow’s hierarchy and what kind of characteristics come with being in a certain stage. When only worrying about the lower levels of the hierarchy, it is easily possible to simply become complacent with your job and lack the motivation to achieve your personal best. It is only when you can become proud of your work and strive to achieve the very best that you personally can that the achievement of self-actualization is possible. Not only are employees motivated by their own needs, but they are also motivated by different techniques that employers use. In the movie, it appears that they are partially relying on the goal-setting theory. This theory assumes that the mere existence of a goal is motivating. One of the techniques the managers apply is a gold star sticker every day for the person that shows the most dedication and hard work. You read "Employee of the Month" in category "Papers" Then at the end of the month the stars are counted up and the one with the most is the employee of the month. In order for this theory to work, however, there are some principles that must be met: 1) Set clear and specific goals, 2) Assign difficult but achievable goals, 3) Increase employee acceptance of goals, 4) Provide incentives to achieve goals, and 5) Give feedback on goal attainment. The first principle is met in this instance. The employees are aware of what they need to do to attain a gold sticker, and that they need the most stickers to achieve the goal of employee of the month. The second principle is met as well. The goal is difficult in that you have to be better than everyone for most of the month, but there is always a winner every month so it is obviously achievable. The managers may need to work on the third principle, though. Not all the employees, like Zack in the beginning, accept the goal or think they are worth achieving. The managers could potentially involve employees in the goal-setting process to make them more accepting of the goals. There may not be any monetary incentives for the employee of the month, but there is a higher status associated with the title. This fact means that the fourth principle is being met. When someone is made employee of the month, they receive the intangible incentive of being recognized by their co-workers and managers as being worthy and a hard worker. There is also feedback given on achieving the goal of employee of the month. In the movie, there is a banquet and a car that was going to be in Vince’s honor for being employee of the month for 18 months in a row. One of the managers from corporate comes to the store to give recognition, also. Reinforcement theory is also apparent in the movie. The gold sticker method is an example of operant conditioning under this theory. Operant conditioning proposes that if a pleasurable consequence follows a behavior, the behavior will continue. When an employee displays good behavior or is an outstanding employee, they receive a gold star. This encourages employees to continue to get gold stars and continue their behavior so that they can eventually become employee of the month. Operant conditioning is also apparent in how they deal with bad behavior. The managers use extinction for this. Instead of punishing employees for unwanted behavior, they ignore it. Zack never was really punished for not being his best, he was just ignored. But Vince was the center of attention because of his good behavior. Although there were many factors involved, ignoring Zack did help stop his bad behaviors, like being late and slacking off. The most popular approach to designing work for increased motivation in the U. S. is the job characteristics model. The core characteristics are: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback. These are all things that increase an employee’s psychological motivation because they feel their job is meaningful. Not all people, however, like jobs with enriched job characteristics. Zack at the beginning of the movie is a prime example of this. He is only working for the extrinsic values, like a paycheck. He wasn’t concerned with doing extra or with getting anything extra out of his job. Another big issue that was prominent throughout the entire movie was ethics. There are many examples of common ethical situations that were broken and there was not much done to stop all the nonsense that went on during the workdays at Super Club. In our textbook it states that â€Å"Usually, procedures and policies in a company regarding social responsibility reflect the ethical values and decisions of the top management team. † Now the top management team in the movie seemed out place and not really caring what went on with the employees. They were more worried about other things going on in the store and outside the store. So while the managers worried about other activities going on most of the employees just goofed off most of the day and made work seem more like a hang out than actual work. Everything the employees did during the movie made it funny, but in all reality most of the employees would have been fired for what they have done. There were three main managers in the movie: Glen Gary (store manager), Dirk (Assistant Manager), and Glen Ross (CEO). Glen Gary and Dirk most of the time were walking around with a check board looking for good things that were happening and figuring out who they could give the gold star to that day. They were only aware of the good things going on in the store and were really missing out on what the employees really did at work. Glen Gary was more worried about impressing corporate and making his older brother Glen Ross happy and keeping him out of their store. Dirk was just there doing the same things as Glen Gary and was sucked into his management style. It seemed that their store was performing exceptionally well under the circumstances of the management style and the work ethic of some of the employees, but they probably could be doing a better job than what was really going on. Ethics was something never talked about in the movie, and one can clearly see that the managers were not concerned with the ethical dilemmas of the store. In our textbook it has a section in Chapter 4 named â€Å"Ethical Philosophy†. There are two traditional views discuss under this topic in the chapter. The first view is teleological ethical theories, which is the morality of an act or practice that comes from its consequences. There are several different examples throughout the movie that prove this theory correct. One example is in one of the opening scenes where a young boy wants a remote control truck, but his mom tells him no and that it is too expensive for them to buy. Zack overhears this conversation as he casually rolls by and cuts the box open and states that there is now a 40 percent discount on the box because it is open. Although it is not in the best interest of the store to sell it a low, discounted price, Zack is just being himself and trying to help the boy out in getting the new toy. The consequences of this act could be brutal for Zack or nothing could happen to him. If he gets caught on surveillance or another employee reports him, he could very easily be fired or put on some sort of probation for disobeying store policies. On the other hand if Zack does not get caught he will continue to do this for other customers and therefore lower the stores income. The people that Zack is giving the discounts to are going to think that he is very nice for doing that or may question the ethics of the store. So their response may either be a good or bad as well. They can either return to the store and expect to receive the same treatment with a good deal or someone will cut a package open for them again. The good outcomes would be like utilitarianism. Cutting a box open for a customer, to lower the price of the product, is crucial to Zack, because he wants to make customers happy. The bad outcome would be that the customer would not come back to the store because they were offended by the act that Zack committed. There are many different ways one can analyze the situation, but the consequences can be good for some and bad for others and vice versa. This is when the deontological theory comes into play. The theory focuses on actions that have a good or bad morality regardless of their outcomes. One should simply follow their companies ethic guidelines, even if that means that the customers you are working with aren’t happy. In the end, motivation and ethics played a big role in the film, â€Å"Employee of the Month. † Having motivation and having there be ethics in a workplace, is a big part in most companies today. Without these the company would most likely fail. How to cite Employee of the Month, Papers